Arbitration involves a neutral arbitrator who delivers a binding decision. Mediation is a facilitated process where a mediator helps parties reach a mutually acceptable, non-binding agreement. Negotiation is a direct discussion between parties to resolve disputes amicably. Litigation is a formal court process where a judge renders a binding judgment.

Arbitration is preferable when parties seek a faster, private, and less formal process. It is commonly used in commercial disputes where confidentiality and speed are important, making it a more flexible and cost-effective alternative to litigation.

Mediation focuses on helping parties reach a mutually acceptable solution through dialogue, and the outcome is non-binding unless formalized. Arbitration, however, involves presenting evidence to an arbitrator who renders a binding decision that both parties must follow.

Yes, negotiation is effective for resolving complex disputes when both parties are open to communication and compromise. It allows for flexible and creative solutions without the need for third-party intervention or lengthy legal processes.

Negotiation can be resolved quickly, often within days or weeks. Mediation usually concludes within a few sessions over weeks or months. Arbitration may take several months to a year depending on complexity. Litigation is the longest process, often taking years due to court procedures and possible appeals.